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Class 12 NCERT Solutions eNGLISH
Class 12 NCERT Solutions eNGLISH
Kaliedoscope Poetry Chapter 3
Kaliedoscope Poetry Chapter 3
Poems By Blake
There are moments in life when we see the world with a child’s pure eyes—believing in kindness, peace, and love. And then there are moments when we see reality’s harsher shades—where suffering and injustice challenge those very beliefs. William Blake’s poems reflect these two sides of human existence.
In “The Divine Image,” Blake holds our hand as we walk through the garden of innocence, where virtues like mercy, pity, peace, and love shine as the soul of every human. It’s a poem that restores our faith—reminding us that no matter who we are or where we’re from, these virtues unite us.
But “The Human Abstract” is Blake’s quiet sigh—showing us how those same virtues can be distorted when fear, cruelty, and selfishness take over. It’s a poem that doesn’t shout, but gently warns us: if we’re not careful, even goodness can be used as a mask.
At www.dasklibro.com, we don’t just explain these poems—we walk beside you as you discover their true meaning. You’ll find:
📝 Clear and CBSE-aligned answers that connect poetry with your own reflections
🌈 Emotion-rich interpretations that help you feel, not just memorize
🧠 A space where Blake’s message becomes personal, powerful, and unforgettable
These poems are not just literature—they’re whispers to your conscience. They help you understand not only what is written, but also what it means to be human.
POEM :- (i) THE DIVINE IMAGE
POEM :- (ii) THE HUMAN ABSTRACT
Understanding The Poem
Q1. How are these two matched poems related to each other in content? How is the human being depicted in the Song of Innocence and how is he/she depicted in the Song of Experience? Do we find both aspects working in an average human being?
📝 Answer in 20 words: The poems show two sides of humans—pure and kind in Innocence, selfish and corrupted in Experience, both in us.
📝 Answer in 40 words: In “The Divine Image,” humans are loving and divine, while in “The Human Abstract,” they are selfish and cruel. Blake shows both good and evil exist within people. Every person has both innocence and experience working inside them every day.
📝 Answer in 60 words: “The Divine Image” presents humans as divine with Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. In contrast, “The Human Abstract” shows how human minds corrupt these virtues with selfishness and fear. Blake uses these matched poems to reflect the two sides of the human soul—innocent and experienced. These traits often coexist in average human behavior in daily life.
📝 Answer in 80 words: Blake uses both poems to show the dual nature of humanity. In “The Divine Image,” human beings reflect God’s love through Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. In “The Human Abstract,” those same virtues become distorted through fear, selfishness, and deceit. The contrast reflects innocence versus experience. Blake believes that both aspects—goodness and corruption—exist in every human. His poetry helps us understand that human beings are constantly torn between purity and negative forces in their minds and actions.
Q2. How would you explain the lines — “For Mercy has a human heart, Pity a human face, And Love, the human form divine, And Peace, the human dress”?
📝 Answer in 20 words: Blake shows divine virtues as part of humans. Mercy, Pity, Love, and Peace are found in human nature.
📝 Answer in 40 words: These lines mean that God’s virtues are present in humans. Mercy beats in the heart, Pity shows on the face, Love appears in our actions, and Peace surrounds us. Blake gives human form to divine qualities to show connection.
📝 Answer in 60 words: Blake uses personification to connect God’s qualities with human beings. Mercy lives in the heart, Pity is seen on the face, Love takes the shape of divine human behavior, and Peace is like the clothes we wear. He shows that all humans can reflect God’s image through these virtues. It encourages readers to recognize God in each other.
📝 Answer in 80 words: Blake beautifully blends divine virtues with human nature in these lines. He shows that God is not distant but lives within us. Mercy resides in our hearts, Pity reflects in our expressions, Love shapes our actions, and Peace is part of our lifestyle. This gives a sacred value to being human. By linking divinity to the human form, Blake teaches that to serve humanity is to serve God. This human-divine connection is central to the idea of universal brotherhood.
Q3. How do Mercy, Pity, Peace and Love get distorted in the human brain?
📝 Answer in 20 words: They are distorted by selfishness, fear, and deceit. People twist virtues for personal gain, losing their true meaning.
📝 Answer in 40 words: Blake says that fear, pride, and greed change these pure values into tools for control. Instead of kindness, people use them to appear holy or gain power. In “The Human Abstract,” good values are corrupted in human thoughts.
📝 Answer in 60 words: In “The Human Abstract,” Blake shows that human minds can turn divine virtues into harmful forces. When people use fear or pride, Mercy and Pity become fake, Peace comes from fear, not understanding, and Love becomes control. The mind creates a false world where virtues lose their truth. Blake warns that without honesty and humility, goodness can be misused.
📝 Answer in 80 words: Blake criticizes how the human brain twists divine qualities like Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love into something dark. Fear and selfishness replace real compassion. Peace comes from fear, not true harmony. Mercy only exists because someone is made poor. Love is tied to control, not freedom. These distortions create a trap of false holiness, where evil hides behind good. Blake’s message is that unless we correct our thoughts, even virtues can become dangerous tools in the human mind.
Q4. Blake’s poetry expresses one aspect of his multi-dimensional view of human experience—of mankind once whole and happy, now fallen into discord and tyranny, from which it must be rescued. Explain with reference to these two poems.
📝 Answer in 20 words: Blake shows humans were once pure and divine but now are trapped by fear and greed. They need moral rescue.
📝 Answer in 40 words: In “The Divine Image,” humanity is kind and godlike. But in “The Human Abstract,” people become cruel and selfish. Blake believes we were once innocent but have fallen into conflict. His poetry calls for spiritual and moral awakening.
📝 Answer in 60 words: Blake presents a vision of humanity moving from innocence to experience—from unity to division. “The Divine Image” reflects a time when people lived with love and peace. But “The Human Abstract” reveals how fear and pride have made society unjust. Blake shows that the human soul can be healed only through self-awareness, compassion, and returning to the values of innocence.
📝 Answer in 80 words: Through these two poems, Blake presents humanity’s fall from a pure, godlike state to a corrupted and divided condition. “The Divine Image” speaks of a world where everyone respects and lives by Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. In contrast, “The Human Abstract” shows how these values are twisted by selfishness and pride. Blake warns that this fall has led to tyranny and suffering. His poetry suggests that only by rediscovering inner goodness can humanity be rescued and healed.
LANGUAGE WORK
Q1. Certain words in the poem have been capitalised. Can you think of reasons for this?
Blake capitalises words like Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love to give them a higher, sacred meaning. These are not just personal emotions but divine forces that shape human life. Through capitalisation, Blake treats them as proper nouns, personifying them and showing that they represent the image of God in man. This poetic choice adds power to his message—that these virtues are the true face of divinity in every human being, regardless of religion or background.
Q2. Count the syllables in the lines of ‘The Divine Image’. Do you see a pattern?
The poem “The Divine Image” shows a regular metrical pattern. Most stanzas follow a structure where the first and third lines have 8 syllables and the second and fourth lines have 6 syllables. This alternating rhythm, using iambic meter, creates a lyrical flow that enhances the poem’s message. It brings harmony to the reader’s ears, reflecting the themes of peace, love, and divinity. The regular beat also helps memorization and reflects the simplicity and beauty of the values Blake highlights.
Q. Read ‘The Chimney Sweeper’ in Songs of Innocence, and then ‘The Chimney Sweeper’ in Songs of Experience, and contrast the two. You could also read ‘The Lamb’ and ‘The Tiger’.
In Songs of Innocence, Blake shows the world as pure and spiritual. The Chimney Sweeper here presents a child finding hope despite suffering. The Lamb celebrates gentle love and God’s kindness. But in Songs of Experience, the tone becomes darker. The Chimney Sweeper shows social injustice, pain, and loss of faith. The Tiger explores the mystery of creation and the presence of evil. Together, these poems reflect how innocence and experience shape human understanding of life and spirituality.
EXTRA QUESTIONS
POEM :- (i) THE DIVINE IMAGE
❓1. What virtues are described in “The Divine Image”?
20 words:
Blake describes four main virtues—Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love—as symbols of divine presence in every human being.
40 words:
The poem celebrates Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. Blake calls them divine virtues that people worship and pray to in distress. These qualities represent both God and the good within all human beings, forming the core of universal love and kindness.
60 words:
In “The Divine Image,” Blake highlights Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love as the four divine virtues. They are not only heavenly qualities but also human traits. He shows that when people express these virtues, they reflect God’s presence. These values promote kindness, harmony, and compassion. Through them, Blake connects spirituality with humanity, stressing that every person has a part of God.
80 words:
Blake’s “The Divine Image” presents Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love as the divine pillars of human life. He shows how these virtues are prayed to in times of trouble and are found within the human soul. Blake personifies each quality to show that God lives within us through our good actions. These virtues reflect unity and remind us that true religion is not about rituals but about loving and helping others. This message of humanity and equality is timeless and universal.
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❓2. How does Blake connect God with human qualities?
20 words:
Blake says that God is found in virtues like Mercy and Love, which live within human hearts and actions.
40 words:
Blake connects God to human nature by saying that when we show Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love, we reflect God. These virtues are not distant or abstract but living within us. Humanity becomes divine through these qualities, showing God’s presence.
60 words:
Blake blends human and divine by stating that God’s essence is found in human virtues. When people show Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love, they mirror God’s nature. He even personifies these traits with human forms—a heart, face, form, and dress. By this, Blake emphasizes that God is not outside us, but lives within every good human act.
80 words:
In “The Divine Image,” Blake connects God directly to human traits like Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. He uses powerful imagery to show that these virtues are not separate from divinity but are expressions of it. By giving these qualities a human heart, face, form, and dress, Blake suggests that every kind action brings us closer to God. This idea encourages moral living and breaks religious boundaries, stressing that humanity and divinity are deeply connected in our everyday behavior.
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❓3. Why do people pray to Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love?
20 words:
People pray to these virtues in times of distress because they bring comfort, healing, hope, and reflect God’s presence.
40 words:
In the poem, Blake says people turn to Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love when they are sad or in trouble. These virtues provide emotional support and spiritual strength. People see them as signs of God’s kindness and feel blessed through them.
60 words:
People pray to Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love because these virtues offer them relief in pain and suffering. Blake shows how deeply these qualities are tied to spiritual faith. They are not only emotions but divine powers. By praying to them, humans connect to God and find hope. The poem teaches that these virtues are true sources of healing and unity.
80 words:
In times of distress, people naturally turn to Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love, as they represent God’s comforting qualities. Blake explains that these virtues help heal emotional wounds and guide people toward spiritual strength. Unlike traditional religious symbols, these virtues are universal and human. When people pray to them, they are seeking kindness, empathy, and hope. Blake's message is powerful: praying to these values means connecting with the divine that lives within and around us in everyday life.
❓4. How are the four virtues personified in the poem?
20 words:
Blake gives Mercy a heart, Pity a face, Love a divine body, and Peace a dress to show human form.
40 words:
The poem uses personification to give life to the virtues. Mercy has a heart, Pity a face, Love is the divine form, and Peace is like clothing. Blake makes them human-like to show that these values live inside us.
60 words:
Blake personifies the virtues to make them relatable. Mercy is felt in the heart, Pity shows on the face, Love takes on a divine form, and Peace covers us like a dress. This poetic device helps readers see these traits not just as concepts, but as living parts of human nature and divine presence in everyday life.
80 words:
In “The Divine Image,” Blake personifies the four virtues to show that they are not just abstract ideas, but real and human. Mercy lives in our hearts, Pity shows through expressions on our face, Love takes the divine human shape, and Peace wraps us like clothing. This use of personification helps convey Blake’s belief that true godliness exists within human kindness. It bridges the gap between divinity and humanity and teaches that goodness should be lived and felt in daily actions.
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❓5. What message does Blake convey about humanity in this poem?
20 words:
Blake says humanity is sacred. When we live with love and mercy, we reflect God’s divine image within us.
40 words:
Blake teaches that every human carries God’s image through Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. These divine values make us equal and connected. His message is that being good to others is the true path to finding God within ourselves.
60 words:
The poem celebrates the goodness in every person. Blake says that if we show Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love, we reflect the divine. Every human, regardless of race or religion, carries this godlike spirit. His message is clear—humanity is not separate from divinity. Living kindly and with empathy is the highest spiritual act and the true reflection of God.
80 words:
Blake’s poem delivers a deep and spiritual message about humanity. He believes that we are closest to God when we show Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. These virtues are not limited to one religion or region—they belong to everyone. By practicing them, we become godlike. Blake urges us to see the divine not just in temples or books, but in our hearts and actions. His vision is one of universal humanity, where love and kindness unite all people.
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❓6. What is meant by “Love, the human form divine”?
20 words:
It means true love is godlike and holy. Love, when expressed by humans, is the purest form of divinity.
40 words:
Blake says Love is the divine shape humans take. It means that real love is sacred, like God. When people love each other unselfishly, they reflect the image of God. Love connects humans directly to spiritual beauty and truth.
60 words:
In the line “Love, the human form divine,” Blake means that Love is the godlike form we take when we care for others. Among all virtues, Love is the most powerful and sacred. It transforms human beings into divine figures. This poetic phrase emphasizes that when we love truly, without selfishness, we reflect God's greatest quality and become living symbols of holiness.
80 words:
Blake uses the line “Love, the human form divine” to express that true love is not just an emotion—it is godliness in human form. He elevates love to the level of divinity, saying that when humans express selfless love, they become divine. Love is more than just affection; it is spiritual. Through this line, Blake shows that we don’t need to look for God outside—He lives in every act of real love, making humans sacred and holy.
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❓7. How does the poem promote equality among all people?
20 words:
Blake says all humans—regardless of religion or race—share the same divine virtues, promoting unity and equality.
40 words:
The poem shows that everyone, whether heathen, Turk, or Jew, has Mercy, Love, and Pity. These virtues are universal. Blake teaches that no religion or race is above another. All people are equal because God lives in all.
60 words:
Blake strongly promotes the idea of equality in “The Divine Image.” He says people from every land and religion pray to the same virtues—Mercy, Love, Pity, and Peace. These are present in all humans, making everyone spiritually equal. Blake breaks the boundaries of caste, religion, and nationality. He believes that what truly matters is the goodness inside people, not their background or belief.
80 words:
In “The Divine Image,” Blake spreads a strong message of unity and brotherhood. He says that people from every culture—whether heathen, Turk, or Jew—pray to the same values like Mercy and Love. These virtues are universal and live in every human being. Blake teaches that we are all equal because the divine lives in all of us. By focusing on our shared humanity, not our outer differences, he encourages peace, love, and spiritual equality across all religions and communities.
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❓8. Why does Blake say that God is present in every human?
20 words:
Blake believes God lives through human virtues. When we act kindly and love others, we reflect God’s divine image.
40 words:
Blake says God is present in every person because divine virtues like Mercy, Love, Peace, and Pity live within us. When we practice these values, we connect with God. Human goodness is proof of God’s presence in the soul.
60 words:
In “The Divine Image,” Blake writes that God doesn’t live in temples or heavens alone but in every human heart. When we show love, mercy, and peace, we become God’s reflection. This idea brings divinity close to everyday life. It encourages people to treat each other kindly and reminds us that we all carry a part of God inside.
80 words:
Blake’s belief that God is present in every human being is central to the poem. He says that whenever we act with Mercy, Pity, Peace, or Love, we are acting godly. These virtues are not just divine—they are human too. This thought removes barriers between man and God. It makes religion more practical and human-centered. Blake’s message is powerful: instead of searching for God elsewhere, recognize Him in your actions and in the people around you.
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❓9. What does the poem suggest about religion and human nature?
20 words:
The poem says true religion lies in love and kindness. Human nature is divine when it reflects God’s virtues.
40 words:
Blake teaches that real religion isn’t about rituals or labels. It’s about showing Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. These human qualities are spiritual. He links religion to human nature and says being kind is the best way to serve God.
60 words:
In this poem, Blake shifts the focus of religion from rules to virtues. He believes true faith is found in how we treat others—with kindness, love, and mercy. According to him, human nature is sacred when filled with these values. Blake challenges traditional religion by suggesting that being humane and loving is the highest spiritual act, far above rituals or formal worship.
80 words:
Blake’s poem redefines religion as a matter of the heart, not institutions. He says that Mercy, Love, Peace, and Pity are what really connect us to God. These are human traits, not religious rituals. Blake implies that when we live with love and kindness, we’re truly religious. This makes faith more inclusive and human-friendly. The poem teaches that religion and human nature can work together when people practice goodness and treat others with empathy, regardless of belief or identity.
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❓10. How does the poem support universal brotherhood?
20 words:
The poem says all humans are equal and divine. We all share the same virtues, so we are spiritual brothers.
40 words:
Blake believes that every human being carries divine values like Mercy and Love. Because of these shared virtues, no one is higher or lower. This promotes universal brotherhood, where all people are united by spiritual equality and mutual respect.
60 words:
Blake’s poem beautifully promotes the idea of universal brotherhood. He writes that everyone, no matter their culture or faith, shares Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. These are divine virtues living in every person. This makes all humans spiritually connected. By encouraging kindness and equality, Blake removes divisions and calls for a world where people live in harmony as one human family.
80 words:
“The Divine Image” strongly promotes universal brotherhood by showing that all humans, no matter their religion, race, or country, are united through divine values. Blake says everyone prays to and possesses Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. These shared virtues create a spiritual bond among all people. Blake’s message is timeless—if we recognize that we all carry God within us, then we must love and respect each other as brothers. This idea builds peace, unity, and compassion in society.
❓11. What is the significance of the title “The Divine Image”?
20 words:
The title means that divine qualities like Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love are reflected in the image of every human.
40 words:
The title “The Divine Image” shows that every human being carries the image of God through virtues like Mercy and Love. Blake suggests that true divinity lives in people’s actions, not statues or rituals, making humanity sacred and godlike.
60 words:
The title “The Divine Image” reflects Blake’s belief that every person mirrors God’s image through values like Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. He emphasizes that spiritual beauty is found in human kindness. The poem invites us to look for God not in heaven or temples, but within ourselves. Our actions, not appearances, define the divine in us.
80 words:
Blake’s title “The Divine Image” is deeply meaningful. It suggests that God's true image is not found in idols or distant heavens but within the virtues we show—Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. These qualities are godlike and make us divine. Blake teaches that every human is holy when they live by these values. This idea promotes respect for all people and encourages spiritual living based on love and compassion. It is a powerful way to link divinity with humanity.
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❓12. How does the poem link spirituality with everyday human behavior?
20 words:
The poem shows that acting with kindness and love in daily life connects us directly to God and spirituality.
40 words:
Blake says spirituality isn’t just about prayers and rituals. It’s about daily actions filled with Mercy, Love, Peace, and Pity. When we behave kindly and help others, we become truly spiritual and reflect God’s presence in our lives.
60 words:
Blake connects spirituality to everyday human actions by highlighting that godly values like Mercy and Love live in people. The poem suggests that being good to others, showing kindness, and living peacefully are acts of spiritual importance. Rather than relying on formal religion, Blake believes spirituality comes from how we treat each other. This makes divinity accessible and real in daily human life.
80 words:
In “The Divine Image,” Blake beautifully connects spirituality with how we behave every day. He believes that real spiritual life isn’t about temples or strict rituals—it’s about how we love, help, and care for others. Through virtues like Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love, our simple actions gain divine meaning. Blake’s message is that God can be found in our compassion, making everyday kindness a powerful spiritual practice. This idea brings heaven closer to Earth, within human hearts.
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❓13. What role does gratitude play in the poem?
20 words:
Gratitude is shown when people thank Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love for helping them during times of suffering and need.
40 words:
Blake writes that people pray to divine virtues in distress and also return thankfulness. This shows gratitude. It reminds us that we should not only seek help from God’s values but also appreciate and honor them in return.
60 words:
Gratitude plays a key role in “The Divine Image.” Blake shows that people not only pray to virtues like Mercy and Love during suffering but also offer thanks when they find peace. This gratitude connects people more deeply with God and helps them value these divine qualities. Blake reminds us that spiritual growth includes both asking for help and showing appreciation for it.
80 words:
In Blake’s poem, gratitude is expressed as a natural response to the comfort offered by divine virtues. People call upon Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love in hard times, and when these virtues help them, they feel thankful. This shows that true spirituality includes both seeking support and showing heartfelt appreciation. Gratitude strengthens the bond between humans and God’s image within them. Blake uses this to teach us that thankfulness is not just polite—it is part of a divine, loving life.
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❓14. Why does Blake refer to people of all faiths—heathen, Turk, or Jew?
20 words:
Blake includes all faiths to show that divine virtues are universal and not limited to any religion, culture, or race.
40 words:
Blake mentions people from different faiths—heathen, Turk, and Jew—to show that everyone, no matter their religion, shares the same divine values. Mercy, Love, and Pity are common to all. This promotes unity, tolerance, and universal brotherhood.
60 words:
By including people of different faiths, Blake emphasizes that God’s divine virtues are not tied to one religion. Whether someone is a Jew, Turk, or even a non-believer, they all possess and worship values like Mercy and Love. Blake’s message is inclusive: all humans are equal before God because they share the same moral and spiritual values. It’s a call for religious harmony.
80 words:
Blake’s mention of the heathen, Turk, and Jew shows his strong belief in spiritual equality. He argues that no matter what religion a person follows, the divine virtues of Mercy, Love, Pity, and Peace live in every heart. These qualities are universal and unite all people. By doing this, Blake criticizes religious division and promotes peace, unity, and respect among all faiths. His message is clear—God is present in every good heart, regardless of religious identity or tradition.
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❓15. How does the poem show the unity of mankind?
20 words:
The poem says all humans share divine traits. This common bond creates spiritual unity across all religions and nations.
40 words:
Blake shows unity by stating that people everywhere pray to the same virtues—Mercy, Peace, Love, and Pity. These divine traits are found in all humans. Since everyone shares these values, humanity is one spiritual family, united beyond boundaries.
60 words:
The poem promotes the unity of mankind through shared virtues. Blake believes that all humans, regardless of religion or region, have Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love inside them. These universal traits connect us and remove walls between races and faiths. He teaches that we’re all part of the same divine creation, making every human being a spiritual brother or sister.
80 words:
Blake’s poem celebrates the oneness of all humans by showing that everyone, no matter their background, shares the same divine values. When people pray to Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love, they’re connecting with something common and sacred. These values cross all boundaries of language, culture, and religion. Blake believes this shared spirituality can bring unity to the world. His poem encourages us to see one another as equal parts of a divine family, filled with love and empathy.
❓16. In what way does Blake’s poem challenge traditional views of religion?
20 words:
Blake says real religion is kindness, not rituals. He shows God lives in human virtues, not temples or strict traditions.
40 words:
Blake questions traditional religion by saying that God is found in human values like Mercy and Love. He believes spiritual truth lies in good actions, not ceremonies or rules. His view promotes love-based faith over fear-based religious practices.
60 words:
Blake challenges religious norms by focusing on human virtues instead of rituals. He suggests that showing kindness, love, and compassion is the highest form of worship. Traditional religion often focuses on outer rituals, but Blake sees the divine in everyday goodness. His poem offers a more personal, loving, and practical understanding of faith, making religion more human-friendly and accessible to all.
80 words:
In “The Divine Image,” Blake boldly challenges traditional religion by shifting focus from rituals to real-life values like Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love. He argues that true religion isn’t about following rules or attending services, but about how we treat others. This idea breaks down religious hierarchies and gives spiritual power to every human being. Blake’s belief that God lives in human goodness, not temples, questions blind faith and promotes a universal, loving, and equal approach to spirituality.
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❓17. How is the poem both spiritual and humanistic?
20 words:
It links spiritual values with human behavior. Blake shows that human kindness is not only good but also deeply divine.
40 words:
Blake blends spirituality and humanism by showing that divine virtues live in people. He says Mercy, Love, and Peace are both human actions and spiritual values. The poem teaches that to be a good human is to be godlike.
60 words:
The poem is spiritual because it talks about God-like virtues. It is humanistic because these virtues live in people, not outside forces. Blake shows that everyday acts of kindness, love, and peace have divine power. He teaches us that being a good human is not separate from being spiritual—it’s the same. The divine lives in human hearts and actions.
80 words:
Blake’s poem masterfully blends spiritual and humanistic ideas. It teaches that divine virtues such as Mercy, Love, Peace, and Pity are not distant concepts—they live within human beings. By doing good, we become spiritually awakened. Blake shows that we don’t need temples to find God—we just need to act kindly. His message empowers every individual, saying that living a life of compassion and goodness is the highest form of spirituality. This makes the poem deeply relevant and inspiring.
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❓18. What poetic devices are used to convey the message?
20 words:
Blake uses personification, repetition, and symbolism. He gives human traits to virtues and repeats lines for emphasis and rhythm.
40 words:
The poem uses poetic devices like personification, where virtues are given human form; repetition to stress key ideas; and symbolism to represent God in human qualities. These tools help make the poem lyrical and emotionally powerful, enhancing the spiritual message.
60 words:
Blake uses several poetic devices. Personification gives life to virtues like Mercy and Love. Repetition emphasizes how central these values are to human life and God’s presence. Symbolism connects the human form to divinity. The poem’s rhyme scheme and rhythmic pattern create a musical flow. These devices help express the poem’s deep message: that God lives in human goodness and action.
80 words:
Blake skillfully uses poetic devices to deliver his spiritual message. He personifies divine virtues, giving Mercy a heart and Love a form, to make them feel alive and real. Repetition is used to reinforce the importance of these values. Symbolism links humanity with God, suggesting the divine lives within us. Blake’s use of a regular rhyme and meter gives the poem a calming, hymn-like rhythm. These tools work together to make the message clear, emotional, and memorable—that human kindness is divine.
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❓19. How can the poem help create a peaceful society?
20 words:
The poem teaches love and mercy. If everyone follows these virtues, society will become more peaceful, kind, and united.
40 words:
Blake’s message of practicing Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love inspires people to live harmoniously. When individuals follow these values, violence and hatred decrease. The poem promotes understanding and compassion, which are necessary for building a peaceful and just world.
60 words:
By promoting universal virtues like Mercy and Peace, Blake’s poem encourages a society where people care for one another. If everyone believes that God lives in these qualities, they’ll treat others with respect and kindness. This mindset can reduce conflict and discrimination. It can help create a peaceful world where people from all faiths, races, and backgrounds live in harmony and mutual respect.
80 words:
“The Divine Image” has the power to inspire social harmony. Blake says that Mercy, Love, Peace, and Pity live in every human. If society adopts these as daily values, it will become more just, kind, and peaceful. The poem discourages hatred, division, and pride by showing that everyone is spiritually equal. Its message encourages cooperation, compassion, and empathy. When people realize that helping others is equal to worshipping God, peace and understanding naturally spread across families, communities, and even nations.
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❓20. Why does Blake believe that love and peace are more powerful than rituals?
20 words:
Blake believes love and peace come from the heart, while rituals are external. Inner goodness is stronger than outer acts.
40 words:
Blake says real spiritual power lies in love and peace, not in rituals. While rituals may be hollow, love and peace bring real change. These virtues come from within and show God’s true presence, making them more powerful and lasting.
60 words:
Blake believes that rituals can be empty and meaningless if the heart lacks compassion. On the other hand, love and peace are real, felt experiences that make life better for everyone. They connect people and reflect the divine in everyday life. Blake teaches that God is not impressed by routine; He is present where there is true kindness, care, and harmony.
80 words:
In “The Divine Image,” Blake powerfully argues that love and peace are the true expressions of spirituality, while rituals are often just formalities. He sees love as active kindness and peace as lived harmony, both of which bring people closer to God. Rituals, unless supported by inner goodness, are empty. Blake’s poem encourages us to practice heartfelt values instead of focusing only on outer worship. This inner moral strength is what truly connects humans to the divine and builds a better world.
Extra Question
POEM :- (ii) THE HUMAN ABSTRACT
❓1. What is the central theme of “The Human Abstract”?
20 words:
The poem shows how human virtues like Mercy and Pity become corrupted by fear, selfishness, and false morality.
40 words:
Blake explores how virtues such as Mercy and Pity are distorted by human selfishness. The poem highlights the dark side of the human mind, where fear and pride twist goodness. It warns that even divine traits can become harmful in the wrong hands.
60 words:
“The Human Abstract” reveals how virtues become corrupted when they are used for selfish purposes. Blake shows that Mercy and Pity arise only when people suffer, and fear is used to create false peace. He criticizes false humility and explores how evil grows in the human mind. The theme suggests that good values can be misused, creating a false sense of virtue and morality.
80 words:
The central theme of “The Human Abstract” is the corruption of divine virtues by human nature. Blake shows that qualities like Mercy, Pity, and Peace are not always pure—they often exist because of man-made problems like poverty and fear. He argues that Cruelty hides behind false humility and spreads through deceit. The poem criticizes the idea that virtues are always good, revealing how they can be twisted by selfish minds. This theme makes us question morality and the illusions it creates.
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❓2. How does Blake show the corruption of divine virtues?
20 words:
Blake shows that virtues like Mercy and Pity only exist because of human suffering, making them dependent on evil conditions.
40 words:
Blake reveals that Mercy, Pity, and Peace are corrupted when people use them for selfish or controlling reasons. These virtues are not always natural—they arise because people create conditions like poverty, fear, and inequality. This shows how goodness becomes distorted.
60 words:
In the poem, Blake shows that divine virtues are not as pure as they seem. He says that Pity exists only when someone is poor and suffering. Mercy exists only when others are unhappy. Peace comes from fear. These ideas reveal that what seems holy can actually be a result of selfishness or control, showing how goodness can be twisted by flawed human nature.
80 words:
Blake demonstrates that divine virtues can be corrupted when they are used for selfish purposes. He explains that Pity would not exist without poverty and Mercy would vanish if everyone were happy. Peace comes not from harmony but from mutual fear. These truths expose how even noble traits can be tied to injustice and control. Blake's message is powerful—goodness must come from genuine love, not conditions created to maintain authority or superiority. Virtue becomes false when it’s based on inequality or fear.
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❓3. Why does Blake say Pity would not exist without poverty?
20 words:
Because pity is shown only when someone is suffering, Blake says it depends on the existence of poor and unhappy people.
40 words:
Blake means that Pity is a response to others’ pain. If no one were poor or suffering, there would be no need for pity. This shows that the virtue only exists because of human-created misery, making it less divine.
60 words:
Blake explains that Pity isn’t a natural or constant feeling—it only arises when someone is poor or in pain. So, if no one were suffering, there would be no reason for pity to exist. This reveals that certain virtues, like pity, are tied to inequality and human-made problems. It questions how holy a feeling can be if it depends on others’ misery.
80 words:
Blake says that Pity is not truly divine if it exists only when someone else is suffering. In an ideal, equal world, there would be no poverty—and therefore, no pity. By stating this, Blake suggests that even virtues we admire are built upon the presence of pain and injustice. This view questions how noble such emotions are if they rely on inequality. Pity, then, becomes a result of the system rather than a pure human emotion.
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❓4. What does Blake mean by “mutual fear brings peace”?
20 words:
He means that people are peaceful not out of love, but because they are scared of each other’s power or anger.
40 words:
Blake suggests that real peace does not come from kindness or understanding, but from fear. When people fear one another, they avoid conflict—not out of love but self-protection. This creates false peace, built on fear, not trust.
60 words:
In “The Human Abstract,” Blake criticizes the idea that peace is always good. He says that in many cases, peace happens because people are afraid to act against one another. It’s not love or respect but mutual fear that holds them back. Such peace is fake and weak because it’s built on insecurity and mistrust rather than on shared values or unity.
80 words:
Blake’s line “mutual fear brings peace” challenges the common belief that peace is always based on love or understanding. He points out that sometimes people avoid conflict not because they care for each other, but because they fear the consequences. When both sides are afraid, they stay quiet, creating a fake peace. Blake exposes this false harmony to show that true peace must be built on compassion, not fear. Otherwise, peace becomes just a tool for control or survival.
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❓5. How is Cruelty described in the poem?
20 words:
Cruelty is shown as clever and deceptive. It sets traps using fear and hides behind holy ideas and false emotions.
40 words:
Blake presents Cruelty as a sneaky force. It builds traps and spreads lies carefully. Cruelty pretends to be good, watering its roots with fear and false humility. It grows silently, feeding on human weakness and disguised as virtue.
60 words:
In “The Human Abstract,” Cruelty is not loud or violent—it’s calm and calculating. Blake says it “knits a snare” and “spreads baits,” meaning it traps others carefully. It hides behind holy fears and false goodness. It grows in secrecy, watered by sorrow and pride. Blake paints Cruelty as something that pretends to be moral, yet causes harm quietly and cleverly.
80 words:
Blake describes Cruelty as a cunning and dangerous force. It doesn’t attack directly but uses subtle tricks to trap people. It knits snares and baits others with false kindness. It appears to be holy, even watering itself with tears and sorrow to look innocent. But deep down, it feeds on fear, pride, and selfishness. By describing Cruelty this way, Blake warns that the worst evil often looks good on the outside but slowly destroys what’s pure and honest inside.
❓6. What is the significance of the tree metaphor in the poem?
20 words:
The tree represents how evil ideas grow inside the human mind. It starts small and becomes strong through fear and deceit.
40 words:
Blake uses the tree as a metaphor to show how cruelty grows within us. It starts with false fears and fake humility, grows with lies, and becomes deeply rooted in the mind. It shows how inner evil becomes powerful silently.
60 words:
In “The Human Abstract,” the tree symbolizes how evil thoughts begin and grow in the human brain. Blake says it is planted with fear, watered with false sorrow, and fed by lies. The tree grows tall and strong, producing deceitful fruits. This image warns readers that cruelty doesn’t appear suddenly—it slowly develops inside us, taking root and growing unnoticed until it becomes harmful.
80 words:
Blake’s metaphor of the tree in “The Human Abstract” is a powerful symbol of how evil grows within the human mind. The tree starts with holy fears and fake humility. It’s watered by tears and nourished by lies. Over time, it grows a thick shade and bears the fruit of Deceit. The tree becomes home to dark forces like the Raven. Blake uses this image to show that the real source of evil is not outside but inside the human brain.
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❓7. How does selfishness lead to the loss of peace?
20 words:
Selfishness creates competition and fear. When people think only of themselves, trust breaks and true peace cannot survive.
40 words:
Blake shows that when people act out of selfish love, they stop caring for others. This leads to fear, mistrust, and dishonesty. As a result, genuine peace disappears, replaced by forced silence and hidden conflicts.
60 words:
In the poem, Blake shows that selfishness poisons human relationships. When people are focused only on their own gains, they use fear to control others. This kind of fear-based control destroys mutual respect and harmony. Peace no longer comes from understanding but from fear and silence. Blake warns that selfishness makes kindness fake and replaces real peace with an illusion of order.
80 words:
Blake argues that selfishness is the root of lost peace. When people act out of self-interest, they no longer value others’ well-being. This leads to fear, rivalry, and isolation. People pretend to be peaceful, but inside, they are suspicious and scared. Blake says such false peace is not real—it’s a product of fear, not love. He shows how selfishness ruins the natural bond between people and replaces honest emotions with fear, deception, and emotional distance.
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❓8. Why does the poem describe false humility as dangerous?
20 words:
False humility hides pride and control. It pretends to be good but actually feeds cruelty and keeps evil growing inside.
40 words:
Blake warns that false humility looks like virtue but is actually harmful. It grows from fear, pride, and lies. People use it to appear kind while secretly acting cruel. This fake goodness creates emotional traps and spreads dishonesty.
60 words:
In “The Human Abstract,” Blake says false humility is dangerous because it hides pride and deceit. People use it to gain trust or power while appearing moral. It becomes the soil where cruelty grows. This kind of false goodness is more harmful than open evil, because it manipulates others and keeps society blind to real problems. Blake wants readers to question actions that seem kind but are driven by selfish intentions.
80 words:
Blake strongly criticizes false humility in the poem. He believes it is one of the most dangerous human traits because it hides cruelty behind a mask of kindness. People act humble not because they’re good but to gain control, respect, or power. This false humility feeds the growth of the tree of cruelty. Blake shows how people use fake goodness to deceive others and protect their selfish motives. This message urges us to look beyond appearances and recognize real virtue from pretended one.
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❓9. What is the role of Mystery in the poem?
20 words:
Mystery is the dark shadow that hides truth. It helps cruelty grow and allows lies and fear to remain hidden.
40 words:
Blake uses “Mystery” to represent confusion and secrecy. It covers the tree of cruelty, making it hard to see evil clearly. People stay trapped under its shade, not knowing they’re being controlled by fear, lies, and false virtue.
60 words:
In “The Human Abstract,” Mystery plays a negative role. It hides the true nature of cruelty and makes evil seem holy. The tree of false virtue grows in this mysterious shadow. People living under it are trapped in ignorance, unable to see the truth. Blake shows that when fear and lies are hidden under Mystery, evil becomes stronger. He warns readers to question what is hidden and unclear.
80 words:
Blake presents Mystery as a shadow that helps cruelty flourish. The tree of evil grows under this cover, and its darkness hides the truth from people. Mystery keeps lies and fear alive by making things seem too holy or complex to question. It discourages people from seeking clarity or truth. Blake warns that this kind of spiritual confusion is dangerous—it lets false humility and deceit thrive. To escape this trap, we must challenge mystery with truth, knowledge, and clear thinking.
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❓10. How does Blake show that evil grows in the human brain?
20 words:
Blake says the tree of cruelty grows in the human brain. It shows that evil thoughts start inside the human mind.
40 words:
The final lines say that the tree of cruelty doesn’t grow in nature, but in the human brain. Blake means evil isn’t outside us—it’s created in our thoughts, through fear, pride, and lies. Our mind is its source.
60 words:
Blake ends the poem by saying the tree of cruelty grows not in the earth or sea but in the human brain. He means evil is not natural but man-made. It starts with thoughts of fear, control, and pride. Our minds, when filled with selfishness and false beliefs, give birth to cruelty. Blake urges us to look within ourselves to understand and fight evil.
80 words:
In the final stanza, Blake reveals that the tree of cruelty cannot be found in the natural world—it grows in the human brain. This metaphor means that evil originates from within our own minds. Thoughts of fear, selfishness, pride, and false goodness plant the seeds of cruelty. Blake says we are not born evil, but our thinking and actions shape who we become. His message is a powerful warning that we must cleanse our minds to stop cruelty from spreading in the world.
❓11. What does the Raven symbolize in the poem?
20 words:
The Raven symbolizes darkness, evil, and death. It lives in the tree of cruelty, showing how lies feed dark forces.
40 words:
Blake uses the Raven to represent evil thoughts, sorrow, and spiritual darkness. It builds its nest in the cruel tree’s shade, showing that cruelty and lies create a perfect home for darkness and destruction in the human mind.
60 words:
The Raven, a bird often linked with death and bad omens, symbolizes the growth of evil in the poem. It nests in the darkest part of the tree of cruelty. This means that when fear, lies, and selfishness grow inside us, they create space for deep sorrow and wickedness. Blake warns us that unchallenged cruelty leads to inner decay.
80 words:
In “The Human Abstract,” the Raven is a powerful symbol of the evil that thrives in the darkest corners of the human mind. It builds its nest in the thickest part of the cruelty tree, meaning it feels safe in lies, fear, and deceit. The Raven’s presence shows that once false virtues grow strong, they attract even darker forces like despair and destruction. Blake uses this symbol to warn that evil feeds on ignored truths and grows where there is moral blindness.
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❓12. How does the fruit of Deceit represent corruption?
20 words:
The fruit of Deceit looks sweet but hides lies. It shows that evil can appear attractive but is harmful inside.
40 words:
Blake describes the fruit of Deceit as red and sweet, tempting on the outside. But it represents lies and corruption. It tricks people into thinking something is good when it’s evil, exposing how false appearances can hide true danger.
60 words:
The fruit of Deceit is a symbol of how corruption hides behind attractive lies. It looks sweet and desirable, but it feeds on fear, cruelty, and false humility. Blake uses it to show how people often trust things that appear good but are secretly harmful. He warns that we must not be fooled by appearances because real virtue is deeper than outer sweetness.
80 words:
Blake’s image of the fruit of Deceit is a powerful warning about false goodness. The fruit looks red and sweet, but it grows from the roots of fear, pride, and cruelty. It represents how corruption can appear tempting and even holy. People are often misled by what looks kind or beautiful, only to be harmed later. Blake teaches that real goodness comes from truth and love—not from appearance or clever lies. The fruit shows how evil hides under the mask of virtue.
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❓13. What is the tone of “The Human Abstract” compared to “The Divine Image”?
20 words:
“The Human Abstract” has a dark, critical tone. It contrasts “The Divine Image,” which is hopeful, kind, and uplifting.
40 words:
While “The Divine Image” celebrates goodness and spiritual unity, “The Human Abstract” exposes the dark side of human nature. Its tone is more serious and critical, warning readers about false virtues and the dangers hidden in the human mind.
60 words:
Blake uses a hopeful and uplifting tone in “The Divine Image,” celebrating divine virtues in every human. In contrast, “The Human Abstract” has a darker, warning tone. It criticizes how these same virtues become twisted by selfishness and fear. The tone is serious, ironic, and cautionary. Blake shifts from celebrating innocence to exposing how easily it can be corrupted by human nature.
80 words:
“The Divine Image” has a soft, spiritual tone that uplifts the reader with hope in humanity’s divine qualities. On the other hand, “The Human Abstract” is darker and more serious in tone. It warns us that even Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love can be misused when driven by pride, fear, and control. The contrast shows Blake’s belief in dual realities: innocence and experience. The critical tone in “The Human Abstract” encourages us to look deeper into ourselves and recognize false morality.
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❓14. How does Blake criticize religious hypocrisy?
20 words:
Blake shows how people pretend to be holy using false humility. He warns that fake goodness is more harmful than open evil.
40 words:
Blake criticizes those who act religious outwardly but are selfish and cruel inside. He shows that such people hide behind false virtues like humility and peace to gain control. Their actions are dishonest and corrupt real spirituality.
60 words:
In “The Human Abstract,” Blake reveals how religion can be used to hide pride and cruelty. People may act humble and holy, but their intentions are selfish. They create fear, promote false peace, and feed lies. Blake warns that pretending to be good for power or praise is dangerous. His poem challenges people to live genuinely and not misuse religion for personal gain or control.
80 words:
Blake strongly attacks religious hypocrisy in this poem. He shows that many people use religion to appear holy, while their hearts are filled with selfishness and cruelty. They speak of Mercy and Peace, but only to gain power or hide wrong deeds. Blake says false humility and holy fear are used to control others. His message is clear: true religion comes from sincere love and compassion, not fake rituals or false virtue. Hypocrisy poisons faith and misleads the world.
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❓15. What message does Blake give about human nature in this poem?
20 words:
Blake says human nature has both good and bad sides. Even virtues can turn evil when influenced by selfish thinking.
40 words:
The poem teaches that human nature is complex. While people have divine virtues, they also create fear, pride, and lies. Blake shows that humans are capable of turning goodness into cruelty when guided by selfish motives and false values.
60 words:
Blake presents a deep message about human nature in “The Human Abstract.” He says that even good traits like Mercy and Peace can become tools of control when people are selfish. Our minds can turn kindness into cruelty by using fear and lies. This poem urges us to look within, question our motives, and choose real virtue over false appearances.
80 words:
Blake’s message is that human nature holds both divine and destructive power. People have the ability to show Mercy and Love, but they also misuse these traits for selfish purposes. He warns that when virtues are driven by pride, fear, and deceit, they lose their true meaning. The poem urges readers to be honest with themselves and not let ego or false humility control their actions. True goodness comes from inner purity, not from showing off or trying to seem virtuous.
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❓16. Why are fear and sorrow called “holy” in the poem?
20 words:
Blake uses “holy” ironically. Fear and sorrow are seen as holy only because people misuse religion to justify suffering.
40 words:
Blake calls fear and sorrow “holy” to criticize how people accept them as part of religious life. He shows that people wrongly treat suffering and fear as sacred, which lets cruelty grow unnoticed under the cover of fake holiness.
60 words:
In the poem, Blake refers to fear and sorrow as “holy” to expose the irony of blind faith. People accept pain as holy instead of fighting it. This mindset allows false humility and cruelty to grow unchecked. Blake wants us to understand that not everything that appears religious is truly good. Sometimes, calling fear “holy” helps evil stay hidden and justified in society.
80 words:
Blake uses the word “holy” for fear and sorrow to highlight how religion often labels suffering as sacred. People believe that being afraid or sad brings them closer to God. But Blake disagrees. He says this belief allows cruelty to grow quietly under the cover of holiness. By calling these emotions “holy,” society protects the systems that cause suffering. Blake warns readers not to blindly follow such ideas and to see through the false holiness that supports injustice and pain.
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❓17. How is peace shown as unnatural in the poem?
20 words:
Blake says peace comes from fear, not love. It’s forced, fake, and used to control others—not a natural feeling.
40 words:
Blake describes peace in the poem as coming from mutual fear. It’s not based on trust or kindness, so it’s unnatural. This kind of peace keeps people quiet but not truly united or happy. It’s cold and controlling.
60 words:
The peace in “The Human Abstract” is not the true peace of harmony or love. Blake says it’s created when people fear each other, not when they understand or care for one another. Such peace is unnatural and weak. It doesn’t bring real happiness but acts as a trap. Blake criticizes this false calm that hides cruelty and stops people from growing spiritually.
80 words:
Blake’s poem describes peace as something created by fear, not by mutual respect or understanding. This peace is unnatural because it is not born from love or human connection—it’s a reaction to the threat of conflict. People stay silent and controlled, not because they want peace, but because they fear each other. Blake warns that this type of peace is unhealthy. It allows cruelty to grow quietly and prevents real emotional or spiritual progress in individuals and society.
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❓18. What does Blake suggest about the root of evil?
20 words:
Blake says evil doesn’t come from outside—it grows from fear, pride, and lies in the human mind.
40 words:
Blake shows that evil comes from within. It begins when people use fear, false humility, and selfish thoughts to control others. The mind becomes a place where cruelty and deceit grow, turning even virtues into dangerous tools.
60 words:
In “The Human Abstract,” Blake teaches that the root of evil is not in the world, but inside us. When we let pride, fear, and selfishness guide our actions, even good qualities like Pity and Mercy become corrupted. The poem shows how false beliefs and moral hypocrisy give rise to evil. It starts in the brain and spreads through society quietly but powerfully.
80 words:
Blake suggests that evil is born in the human brain. It doesn’t come from monsters or outside forces—it starts with our own pride, fear, and lies. These thoughts grow into a tree of cruelty, supported by false humility and fake peace. Blake believes that the real root of evil is in the way people misuse virtues to gain power. His warning is clear: to stop evil, we must clear our minds of deceit, false holiness, and selfish thinking.
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❓19. Why can’t the gods find the tree of evil?
20 words:
Because it doesn’t grow in nature. The tree of evil grows only in the human brain, hidden from the outside.
40 words:
Blake says the gods searched through nature but failed to find the tree of evil. That’s because it grows in the human brain—inside people’s thoughts, not in the outside world. This shows that evil is a human creation.
60 words:
The gods in the poem represent wisdom and truth. They look everywhere in nature but cannot find the tree of evil. Blake explains that this tree doesn’t grow in forests or oceans—it grows in the human brain. This means that evil is not part of natural creation but something born from human thoughts, fears, and pride. Blake wants us to realize that we create our own suffering through wrong beliefs.
80 words:
Blake says that the gods searched the earth and sea for the tree of evil but couldn’t find it because it grows in the human brain. This idea means that cruelty, fear, and pride are not part of the natural world—they are man-made. Nature is innocent, but human minds can twist even good things into evil. Blake uses this image to show that change must come from within us. If we want to stop cruelty, we must change our thoughts first.
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❓20. How does the poem warn us against false virtue?
20 words:
The poem says fake kindness and humility help cruelty grow. Blake warns that pretending to be good can cause great harm.
40 words:
Blake warns that when people pretend to be kind or humble, they create space for cruelty and lies. False virtue hides true intentions and misleads others. The poem teaches us to be honest, not just look good on the outside.
60 words:
In “The Human Abstract,” Blake warns that false virtue is more dangerous than open evil. Fake humility and pretend kindness give a holy cover to cruelty. They mislead others and feed pride and deceit. Blake uses this warning to help us see that true virtue must be honest and come from love—not from the desire to appear good or gain control over others.
80 words:
Blake’s poem is a strong warning against false virtue. He says that when people use kindness or humility as a show, they allow cruelty to grow. These fake values seem holy but are filled with selfish motives. Blake’s message is clear: pretending to be good is worse than being openly bad because it hides evil in disguise. He encourages us to practice real goodness, based on love and truth, not for praise or power. Only true virtue can lead to peace and purity.
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